ex) I run fast. ¡æ He runs fast.
ex) You play soccer. ¡æ Tom plays soccer.
(5) ¡°es¡±°¡ ºÙ´Â °æ¿ì
¨ç µ¿»çÀÇ ³¡ÀÌ ¡°s, x, sh, ch, o¡±·Î ³¡³ª´Â °æ¿ì ex) I pass the ball. ¡æ He passes the ball.
¨è µ¿»ç°¡ ¡°ÀÚÀ½ +y¡±ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â ¡°y¸¦ i·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í es¡±
ex) I study English. ¡æ Jim studies English.
cf) I play soccer. ¡æ Jim plays soccer. ¿¹¿Ü) have ¡æ has
2. ÀÏ¹Ý µ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹® (ÇöÀç)
¢Ñ ÀϹݵ¿»ç ÇöÀçÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼´Â do(does)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ÁÖ¾î + do(does) + not + ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü ~ (Á־ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀÏ °æ¿ì does)
I like you. ¡æ I don't like you. / She likes you. ¡æ She doesn't like you.
3. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹® (°ú°Å)
¢Ñ ÀϹݵ¿»ç °ú°ÅÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹®¿¡¼´Â did¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ ÁÖ¾î + did + not + ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ¿øÇü ~
I went there. ¡æ I didn't go there.
He went there. ¡æ He didn't go there.
Do you like it? ¡æ Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does he like it? ¡æ Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤¹®ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯.
Did you arrive late? ¡æ Yes, I did. / No, I did not. (No, I didn't.)
Did he arrive late? ¡æ Yes, he did. / No, he did not. (No, he didn't.)
7. ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ º¯È
¢Ñ ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´Ù¸§
do- did / see- saw / lie- lay / swim- swam / sing- sang /grow- grew / know- knew / fly- flew /
fall- fell / drink- drank/ begin- began / write- wrote / take- took / speak- spoke/hide- hid /
drive- drove / go- went
¢Ñ °ú°Å¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
say- said / sleep- slept / hear- heard / sell- sold / catch- caught/fight- fought / think- thought /
tell- told / keep- kept / buy- bought /teach- taught / send- sent / bring- brought / build- built /
meet- met /spend- spent / have- had
¢Ñ ÇöÀç¿Í °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ °°Àº °æ¿ì
come- came / become- became / run- ran
¢Ñ ÇöÀç, °ú°Å, °ú°ÅºÐ»çÇüÀÌ ¸ðµÎ °°Àº °æ¿ì
set- set / cut- cut / hit- hit / put- put /read- read / spread- spread / shut- shut
(1) Á¶µ¿»ç´Â ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»ç »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÚ¸®ÇØ µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â µ¿»ç¸¦ µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â Á¶¼öÀÌ´Ù
ex) I do it.(³ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.) ¡æ I can do it.(³ ±×°ÍÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
(2) 2°³ÀÇ Á¶µ¿»ç¸¦ ÇÔ²² ¾µ ¼ö ¾ø°í 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö°¡ ¿Íµµ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
ex) He will can do it. (X) Tom cans swim. (X)
(3) Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇü¡±ÀÌ ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) Tom studies English. ¡æ Tom will study English.
Mary is smart. ¡æ Mary must be smart.
2. do / will / would
(1) do
¨ç ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ºÎÁ¤¹®°ú Àǹ®¹®
ex) A: Do you like cats? B: No, I don't
¨è ±àÁ¤¹®¿¡¼ µ¿»ç °Á¶
ex) I like you. ¡æ I do like you. (=really)
(2) will
¨ç ¡ÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù(¹Ì·¡= be going to)
ex) What will you do tonight? = What are you going to do tonight?
¨è ¡ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÀÇÁö)
ex) I will do it for you.
(3) would
¨ç °ø¼ÕÇÑ ºÎŹ (=could)
ex) Will you do me a favor? < Would you do me a favor?
¨è °ú°Å¿¡¼ º» ¹Ì·¡ (½ÃÁ¦ÀÏÄ¡)
ex) I know (that) he will come. ¡æ I knew (that) he would come.
3. may / can / could
(1) may
¨ç Çã°¡ : ¡Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù (=can)
ex) May I help you? = Can I help you?
¨è ÃßÃø : ¡ÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù
ex) He may be ill.
(2) can
¨ç ´É·Â : ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù (=be able to)
ex) He can swim. = He is able to swim.
¨è Çã°¡ : ¡Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù
ex) A: Can I swim here? B: Yes, you can.
¨é °ú°Å : could = was/were able to ³ÖÀ» °Í
¹Ì·¡ : will be able to
ex) He can swim well. ¡æ He will be able to swim well soon.
(3) could
¨ç canÀÇ °ú°Å
ex) I could swim when young, but I can't now.
¨è °ø¼ÕÇÑ ºÎŹ (=would)
ex) Could you give me a hand?
4. must / should
(1) must
¨ç ´çÀ§ : ¡Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù (=should = have to = ought to)
ex) He must get up early. = He has to get up early.
¨è ÃßÃø : ¡ÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾ø´Ù
ex) He must be ill.
¨é °ú°Å : had to
¹Ì·¡ : will have to
ºÎÁ¤ : must not (¡Çؼ± ¾È µÈ´Ù)
don't have to = don't need to = need not (¡ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù)
ex) You must come now. ¡æ You had to come yesterday.
ex) You must come now. ¡æ You will have to come tomorrow.
ex) A: Must I go now?
B: No, you don't have to.
(2) should
¨ç Àǹ«, °ÇÑ ±ÇÀ¯: ¡Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) You should keep your school rules. (=must =ought to =have to)
ex) You should eat breakfast more often. (=had better)
¨è ºÎÁ¤ : should not / ought not to
ex) You shouldn't run around in a restaurant. (=had better not)
ex) You ought not to eat fast food.
(1) ¡°be+µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing¡±ÀÇ ÇüÅ·ΠÇöÀç ¾î¶² µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ½À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °Í
(¡ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù)
ex) It rains. ¡æ It is raining. (ºñ°¡ ¿À´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)
They play soccer. ¡æ They are playing soccer. (±×µéÀº Ã౸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)
(1) ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ºÎ»ç¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
ex) He is coming now. (ÇöÀçÁøÇà - ±×´Â Áö±Ý ¿À´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)
He is coming tomorrow. (°¡±î¿î ¹Ì·¡ - ±×´Â ³»ÀÏ ¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
(2) Á¸Àç(be), ¼ÒÀ¯(have), °¨Á¤(like) µî ¾î¶² »óÅ°¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â µ¿»ç´Â ÁøÇàÇüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
ex) I am a boy. ¡æ I am being a boy.(¡¿)
ex) I have a book. ¡æ I am have a book.(¡¿)
cf) I have lunch. ¡æ I am having lunch.(O) (Àǹ̰¡ ¹Ù²ð °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¡´É)
1-3. °ú°ÅÁøÇà°ú ¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà
(1) °ú°ÅÁøÇà: beµ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü+µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing (¡ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù.)
*am, isÀÇ °ú°Å=was / areÀÇ °ú°Å=were
ex) He was reading a book.
ex) A: What were you doing? B: I was washing the dishes.
(2) ¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà: will+ beµ¿»ç +µ¿»ç¿øÇü-ing (¡ÇÏ´Â ÁßÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
ex) She will be helping the sick children.
ex) A: What will you be doing then? B: I will be writing a letter.
¡Ø ²À ¾Ï±âÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ ½Ã°£ÀÇ ºÎ»ç
last weekend(Áö³ ÁÖ¸»), this weekend(À̹ø ÁÖ¸»), next weekend(´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¸»)
yesterday(¾îÁ¦), today (¿À´Ã), tonight(¿À´Ã¹ã), tomorrow(³»ÀÏ)
then(=at that time) (±×¶§), those days (±× ´ç½Ã¿¡), these days (¿äÁò¿¡)
later (³ªÁß¿¡), in the future (¹Ì·¡¿¡), soon (°ð)
(1) Á¤ÇØÁø ±ÔÄ¢ ¾øÀÌ ¹«Áú¼ÇÏ°Ô º¯ÇÏ´Â µ¿»çµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) I do the dishes for mom. ¡æ I did the dishes for mom yesterday.
(2) beµ¿»çÀÇ °æ¿ì am°ú is´Â was·Î, are´Â were·Î ¹Ù²ï´Ù.
ex) I'm fourteen years old, but I was thirteen years old last year.
ex) They were in the same class, and they are in the same class this year.
(2) ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î °èȹµÈ ¹Ì·¡¿£ ¡°be going to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü¡±À» ¾´´Ù.
ex) I am going to visit my grandma this weekend. (À̹ø ÁÖ¸»¿¡ ¹æ¹® ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
ex) I will visit America someday. (¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¹æ¹®ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
¡Ø ´ÙÀ½ ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»çÇ¥¸¦ ²À ¿Ü¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
A - A - A
cost - cost - cost (ºñ¿ëÀÌ µé´Ù)
cut - cut - cut (ÀÚ¸£´Ù)
hit - hit - hit (Ä¡´Ù)
hurt - hurt - hurt (ÇØÄ¡´Ù)
let - let - let (½ÃÅ°´Ù)
put - put - put (³õ´Ù)
set - set - set (³õ´Ù)
shut - shut - shut (´Ý´Ù)
read - read - read
A - B - B
build - built - built (Áþ´Ù)
burn - burnt - burnt (Å¿ì´Ù)
feel - felt - felt (´À³¢´Ù)
keep - kept - kept (ÁöÅ°´Ù)
sleep - slept - slept (Àáµé´Ù)
mean - meant - meant (ÀǹÌÇÏ´Ù)
lend - lent - lent (ºô·ÁÁÖ´Ù)
lose - lost - lost (ÀÒ´Ù)
spend - spent - spent (¼ÒºñÇÏ´Ù)
catch - caught - caught (Àâ´Ù)
teach - taught - taught (°¡¸£Ä¡´Ù)
buy - bought - bought (»ç´Ù)
bring - brought - brought (°¡Á®¿À´Ù)
think - thought - thought (»ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù)
fight - fought - fought (½Î¿ì´Ù)
leave - left - left (¶°³ª´Ù)
sit - sat - sat (¾É´Ù)
get - got - got (¾ò´Ù)
meet - met - met (¸¸³ª´Ù)
shoot - shot - shot (½î´Ù)
win - won - won (À̱â´Ù)
find - found - found (¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù)
hold - held - held (Áã´Ù)
lead - led - led (À̲ø´Ù)
make - made - made (¸¸µé´Ù)
sell - sold - sold (ÆÈ´Ù)
tell - told - told (¸»ÇÏ´Ù)
pay - paid - paid (ÁöºÒÇÏ´Ù)
hear - heard - heard (µè´Ù)
stand - stood - stood (¼´Ù)
say - said - said (¸»ÇÏ´Ù)
A - B - C
draw - drew - drawn (±×¸®´Ù)
fly - flew - flown (³¯´Ù)
grow - grew - grown (ÀÚ¶ó´Ù)
throw - threw - thrown (´øÁö´Ù)
know - knew - known (¾Ë´Ù)
write - wrote - written (¾²´Ù)
ride - rode - ridden (Ÿ´Ù)
rise - rose - risen (¶ß´Ù)
drive - drove - driven (¿îÀüÇÏ´Ù)
break - broke - broken (±ú¶ß¸®´Ù)
speak - spoke - spoken (¸»ÇÏ´Ù)
wear - wore - worn (ÀÔ´Ù)
take - took - taken (°¡Á®°¡´Ù)
shake - shook - shaken (Èçµé´Ù)
eat - ate - eaten (¸Ô´Ù)
give - gave - given (ÁÖ´Ù)
fall - fell - fallen (¶³¾îÁö´Ù)
go - went - gone
hide - hid - hidden (°¨Ãß´Ù)
see - saw - seen (º¸´Ù)
lie - lay - lain (´¯´Ù)
am -was - been
is - was - been
are - were - been
(will) would (shall) should
(can) could (may) might
i(ÀÌ) - a(¾Ö) - u(¾î)
begin - began - begun (½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Ù)
ring - rang - rung (¿ï¸®´Ù)
sing - sang - sung (³ë·¡ÇÏ´Ù)
swim - swam - swum (¼ö¿µÇÏ´Ù)
drink - drank - drunken (¸¶½Ã´Ù)
come - came - come (¿À´Ù)
run - ran - run (¶Ù´Ù)
do - did - done (ÇÏ´Ù)
(1) ¹°Áú¸í»ç´Â ¼¿ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
ex) a cup of coffee(tea) ¡æ two cups of coffee(tea)
a glass of water(milk, juice) ¡æ three glasses of water(milk, juice)
a can of Coke / a bottle of juice / a carton of milk
a piece of paper(pizza, cake, furniture, advice, information)
a sheet of paper/ a bunch of flowers
a slice of cheese/ a loaf of bread
a tube of toothpaste
(2) ½ÖÀ¸·Î µÈ ¹°°ÇÀº ¡°a pair of¡±¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¾´´Ù.
ex) a pair of socks ¡æ two pairs of socks.
ex) shoes, sneakers, pants, trousers, scissors, chopsticks, glasses(¾È°æ)
the legs of the table /today's newspaper / an hour's walk / one dollar's worth / two hours' walk/ a friend of mine
ŹÀÚÀÇ ´Ù¸® / ¿À´ÃÀÇ ½Å¹® / ÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÇ »êÃ¥ / 1´Þ·¯ÀÇ °¡Ä¡ / µÎ ½Ã°£ÀÇ »êÃ¥ / ³» Ä£±¸ ÇÑ ¸í
(2) ¹ßÀ½ÀÌ ÀÚÀ½À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î ¾Õ¿¡¼± a¸¦ ¾²°í ¸ðÀ½À¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î ¾Õ¿¡¼± anÀ» ¾´´Ù.
(¸ðÀ½ : a, e, i, o, u ) ex) a box, a uniform, an apple, an egg, an hour
(2) ¹Ýµå½Ã Á¤°ü»ç the¸¦ ½á¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì
ex) The girl at the bus stop is my friend. (¼ö½Ä¾î±¸°¡ ²Ù¹Ð ¶§)
ex) the sun, the moon, the earth (À¯ÀÏÇÑ »ç¹° ¾Õ)
ex) I bought a book yesterday, but I lost the book. (Áߺ¹µÇ´Â ¸í»ç ¾Õ)
ex) Open the door. (¼·Î ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¹° ¾Õ)
ex) the first, the second, the third (¼ø¼°¡ Á¤ÇØÁ® ÀÖ´Â ¼¼ö ¾Õ)
ex) play the piano, play the violin (¾Ç±â ¾Õ)
ex) This is my book. / This book is mine. /That is your book. / That book is yours.
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ³ªÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. / Àú°ÍÀº ³ÊÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / Àú Ã¥Àº ³ÊÀÇ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
I did it myself. / He did it himself. / : ³ª´Â Á÷Á¢ ±×°ÍÀ» Çß´Ù. / ±×´Â Á÷Á¢ ±×°ÍÀ» Çß´Ù.
She did it herself. : ±×³à´Â Á÷Á¢ ±×°ÍÀ» Çß´Ù.
She killed herself. /She went there by herself. :±×³à´Â ÀÚ»ìÇß´Ù. / ±×³à´Â Ȧ·Î ±×°÷¿¡ °¬´Ù.
5. Áö½Ã´ë¸í»ç
´Ü ¼ö
º¹ ¼ö
¿ë µµ
this (ÀÌ°Í / ÀÌ »ç¶÷)
these (À̰͵é / ÀÌ »ç¶÷µé)
°¡±î¿î °÷ÀÇ »ç¶÷, »ç¹°À» ÁöĪ
that (Àú°Í / Àú »ç¶÷)
those (Àú°Íµé / Àú »ç¶÷µé)
¸Õ °÷ÀÇ »ç¶÷, »ç¹°À» ÁöĪ
¡Ø this(these), that(those)°¡ Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â [this, that + ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç], [these, those + º¹¼ö¸í»ç]°¡ µÈ´Ù.
This is my book. / This is my father. : ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³ªÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / À̺ÐÀº ¿ì¸® ¾Æ¹öÁö´Ù.
That is your book. / Those are your books. : Àú°ÍÀº ³ÊÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù. / Àú°ÍµéÀº ³ÊÀÇ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.
This book is interesting. (Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç) : ÀÌ Ã¥Àº Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Ù.
(1) ¡°many + ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± / ¡°much +¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç¡±
ex) many boys, many people / much water, much food
(2) ¡°a lot of = lots of¡±·Î many¿Í much¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) a lot of(=lots of) boys, a lot of(=lots of) water
(3) most = ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ, °¡Àå ¡ÇÑ (the), almost = °ÅÀÇ
ex) Most people like summer better than winter.
ex) I like winter most.
ex) Almost all students have after-school activities.
4. a few, a little (¾à°£ÀÇ) / few, little (°ÅÀÇ ¡¾ø´Â)
(1) ¡°a few + ¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± / ¡°a little + ¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç¡±
ex) a few minutes, a few boys / a little water, a little money
(2) ¡°few +¼¿ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± / ¡° little +¼¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¸í»ç¡± (ÁغÎÁ¤)
ex) There are few boys in the room. / There is little water in the bottle.
5. some, any(¾à°£ÀÇ)
(1) some - ±àÁ¤¹®
ex) There are some boys in the room.
(2) any - ºÎÁ¤¹®, Àǹ®¹®, Á¶°Ç¹®
ex) There aren't any boys in the room.
ex) Is there any station around here?
ex) If you have any questions, just call me.
(3) some - Àǹ®¹®(±ÇÀ¯), any - ±àÁ¤¹®(°Á¶: ¾î¶² ¡¶óµµ)
ex) Would you like some more bread?
ex) Any child can solve the problem.
(3) ¡°not + any¡± = no (ÀüÇô ¡¾Ê´Ù, ¾ø´Ù)
ex) There isn't any cup on the table. = There is no cup on the table.
I don't have any money. = I have no money.
6. all, every (¸ðµç) / both(µÑ ´Ù), each(°¢°¢ÀÇ)
(1) ¡°all +º¹¼ö¸í»ç(»ç¶÷), all +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç(»ç¹°)¡±
ex) All students must not miss the class.
ex) I spent all the money.
(2) ¡°every +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç¡±
ex) Every student should keep some rules in the library.
(3) ¡°Every +º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡± (¡¸¶´Ù)
ex) every four years, every five days, every thirty minutes
(4) ¡°both +º¹¼ö¸í»ç¡±(¡ µÑ ´Ù) / ¡°each +´Ü¼ö¸í»ç¡±(¡ °¢°¢)
ex) on both sides of the bench / on each side of the bench
¨ç Á¤¼ö: 43=forty-three, 100=one hundred, 379= three hundred (and) seventy-nine
¨è ºÐ¼ö: 1/2=one second(=a half), 1/4=one fourth(a quarter), 3/4=three fourths
¨é ¼Ò¼ö: 0.45=zero point four five, 72.356=seventy-two point three five six
¨ê ½Ã°¢: 2:00=two o'clock, 2:15=two fifteen(=fifteen past two=fifteen after two=a quarter past two)
2:30=two thirty(=half past two)
2:45=two forty-five(fifteen to three=fifteen before three=a quarter to two)
¨ë ¿ùÀÏ: 4¿ù 5ÀÏ=April 5=April (the) fifth=the fifth of April
¨ì ¿¬µµ: 2010=two thousand and ten, 2025=two thousand and twenty-five
¨í ±âŸ: ¢Î 650-0567=six five ou(zero)-ou five six seven
World War ¥±=World War Two=the second World War
[Âü°í] Korea(Çѱ¹) - Korean(Çѱ¹ÀÇ, Çѱ¹¾î, Çѱ¹ÀÎ)
* America - American, Australia - Australian, Italy - Italian, Germany - German
* England - English, Sweden- Swedish, Spain - Spanish
* China - Chinese, Japan - Japanese
* France - French
¿µ±¹»ç¶÷À» Englishman, ½º¿þµ§»ç¶÷À» Swede, ½ºÆäÀλç¶÷À» Spaniard, ÇÁ¶û½º»ç¶÷À» FrenchmanÀ¸·Îµµ ¾´´Ù.
(1) µ¿»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÑ´Ù.
ex) He runs fast. (µ¿»ç runs ¼ö½Ä)
ex) He is very cute. (Çü¿ë»ç cute ¼ö½Ä)
ex) He studies very hard. (ºÎ»ç hard ¼ö½Ä)
cf) He is a good singer.(Çü¿ë»ç) = He sings well.(ºÎ»ç)
(2) Àå¼Ò, ¹æ¹ý, ½Ã°£ µîÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¡°ÀüÄ¡»ç+¸í»ç¡±´Â ÁÖ·Î ºÎ»ç±¸°¡ µÈ´Ù.
ex) Farmers worked hard in the forest yesterday. (1Çü½Ä) (ºÎ»ç: ºÎ»ç±¸: ºÎ»ç)
ex) The sun rises in the east early in the morning. (1Çü½Ä) (ºÎ»ç±¸: ºÎ»ç: ºÎ»ç±¸)
3. ºÎ»çÀÇ ¼ø¼
(1) ¡°Àå¼Ò+¹æ¹ý+½Ã°£¡± ȤÀº ¡°¹æ¹ý+Àå¼Ò+½Ã°£¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼ÀÌ°í ¡°ÂªÀº ½Ã°£+±ä ½Ã°£¡±
¡°Á¼Àº Àå¼Ò+³ÐÀºÀå¼Ò¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î ¿Â´Ù.
ex) I met him late in the afternoon. I live in Seoul, Korea.
(ªÀº ½Ã°£) (±ä ½Ã°£) (Á¼Àº Àå¼Ò) (³ÐÀº Àå¼Ò)
ex) I went to Busan by train yesterday.
(Àå¼Ò) (¹æ¹ý) (½Ã°£)
He studied hard at school yesterday.
(¹æ¹ý) (Àå¼Ò) (½Ã°£)
(2) so´Â ¡°ºÎ»ç+Çü¿ë»ç+a(n) +¸í»ç¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
(so + Çü +a(n) + ¸í = such + a(n) + Çü +¸í)
ex) She is so pretty a girl. = She is such a pretty girl.
ex) They are so pretty girls. (X)
(3) ¡°µ¿»ç + ´ë¸í»ç + ºÎ»ç¡±ÀÇ ¼ø¼·Î ¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
´Ü, ¸í»çÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¡°µ¿»ç + ¸í»ç + ºÎ»ç¡±¿Í ¡°µ¿»ç + ºÎ»ç + ¸í»ç¡±°¡ ¸ðµÎ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
ex) May I try on it? (X) ¡æ May I try it on?
ex) Can you pick up me? (X) ¡æ Cay you pick me up?
ex) May I try this shirt on? = May I try on this shirt?
4. ºóµµºÎ»ç
(1) Á¾·ù: always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly, seldom > never
¾ðÁ¦³ª, ´Ã> ´ë°³, º¸Åë> Á¾Á¾ >¶§¶§·Î, °¡²û> °ÅÀÇ ¡¾Ê´Ù >°áÄÚ ¡¾Ê´Ù
(2) À§Ä¡: beµ¿»ç ? Á¶µ¿»ç µÚ, ÀϹݵ¿»ç ¾Õ
ex) He is often late for school.
ex) You must always keep the school rules.
ex) He usually skips breakfast in the morning.
(3) °Á¶¸¦ À§Çؼ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¾ÕÀ̳ª µÚ¿¡ ³õÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) Sometimes he rides a bike to school.
ex) He visits his parents very often.
[Âü°í]
sometimes (°¡²û) ¡Á sometime (¹Ì·¡ÀÇ)¾ðÁ¨°¡
hardly (°ÅÀÇ ¡¾Ê´Ù) ¡Á hard (´Ü´ÜÇÑ, ¾î·Á¿î, ¿½ÉÈ÷)/ besides (°Ô´Ù°¡) ¡Á beside (¡ ¿·¿¡)
5. ÁÖÀÇÇؾßÇÒ ºÎ»ç
(1) very´Â Çü¿ë»ç, ºÎ»çÀÇ ¿ø±Þ, ÇöÀçºÐ»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä / much´Â ºñ±³±Þ, °ú°ÅºÐ»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä
ex) He is very tall. / He is much taller than I.
ex) The movie is very interesting. / Jane is much surprised at the news.
(2) too´Â ±àÁ¤¹®, either´Â ºÎÁ¤¹® / already´Â ±àÁ¤¹®, yetÀº ºÎÁ¤¹®
ex) I can swim, too. / I can't swim, either.
ex) He has arrived already. / He has not arrived yet.
(3) ¡°So do I.¡±´Â ±àÁ¤¹® / ¡°Neither do I¡±´Â ºÎÁ¤¹®
ex) A: I have a pet. B: So do I. (=I have a pet, too.)
ex) A: I don't have a pet. B: Neither do I. (=I don't have a pet, either.)
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
famous-more famous-most famous
friendly-more friendly-most friendly
¨è ºÒ±ÔÄ¢º¯È
¿ø±Þ
ºñ±³±Þ
ÃÖ»ó±Þ
many/much(¸¹Àº)
more
most
good(ÁÁÀº)/well(Àß)
better
best
bad(³ª»Û)/ill(¾ÆÇÂ)
worse
worst
little (ÀÛÀº, ÀûÀº)
less
least
late(´ÊÀº, ´Ê°Ô)
later(³ªÁß¿¡)
latest(°¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡) [½Ã°£]
latter(µÚÀÇ)
last(¸¶Áö¸·) [¼ø¼]
old(³ªÀÌ µç)
older(´õ ³ªÀÌ µç)
oldest (°¡Àå ³ªÀÌ µç) [³ªÀÌ]
elder(¼ÕÀ§ÀÇ)
eldest (Á¦ÀÏ ¼ÕÀ§ÀÇ) [¼ø¼]
far(¸Õ, ¸Ö¸®)
farther(´õ ¸Õ)
farthest(°¡Àå ¸Õ) [°Å¸®]
further(´õ ½ÉÇÑ)
furthest(°¡Àå ½ÉÇÑ) [Á¤µµ]
2. ºñ±³±ÞÀÇ À¯Çü
(1) µ¿µîºñ±³: A = B ¢¡ B¸¸Å ~ÇÑ A (as ¿ø±Þ as) : ex) He is as tall as she.
(2) ¿ìµîºñ±³ : A > B ¢¡Bº¸´Ù ´õ ~ÇÑ A(~er than/ more ~ than) ex) He is taller than she.
(3) ¿µîºñ±³ : A < B ¢¡ Bº¸´Ù ´ú ~ÇÑ A(less ¿ø±Þ than ~) ex) He is less tall than she.
(4) ºñ±³¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ç¥Çö ex) Tom is taller than Mary.
= Mary is shorter than Tom./ = Mary is not as tall as Tom./ = Mary is less tall than Tom.
3. ¿ø±ÞÀÇ °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
(1) as ¿ø±Þ as possible = as ¿ø±Þ as one can (°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÑ ¡ÇÏ°Ô)
ex) Come back as early as possible. = Come back as early as you can.
(2) ¹è¼ö»ç +as ¿ø±Þ as = ¹è¼ö»ç +ºñ±³±Þ +than
ex) This is as big as that.
*¹è¼ö»ç(ÛÃâ¦Þö): ¸î ¹èÀÎÁö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ¼ö»ç (once, twice, three times...)
(2) the ºñ±³±Þ¡, the ºñ±³±Þ¡ ¡°¡Çϸé ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ¿í ¡ÇÏ´Ù¡±
ex) The more we have, the more we want.
(3) ºñ±³±Þ and ºñ±³±Þ ¡°Á¡Á¡ ´õ ¡ÇÏ´Ù¡±
ex) The day is getting longer and longer.
5. ÃÖ»ó±Þ
(1) one of the ÃÖ»ó±Þ + º¹¼ö¸í»ç
ex) Seoul is one of the largest cities in the world.
(2) ÃÖ»ó±Þ + in + Àå¼Ò / ÃÖ»ó±Þ +of +°°Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ º¹¼ö¸í»ç
ex) He is the tallest in my class.
ex) He is the tallest of the boys. (He= the boys)
(3) ºñ±³±Þ than any other ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç = ÃÖ»ó±Þ of all (the) º¹¼ö¸í»ç
ex) He is the tallest boy in our class.
= He is taller than any other boy in our class.
= He is the tallest of all (the) boys in our class.
= No other boy is taller than he in our class.
¨ç ÁÖ¾î
ex) That he is honest is true. = It is true that he is honest.
ÁÖ¾î °¡ÁÖ¾î ÁøÁÖ¾î
¨è ¸ñÀû¾î
ex) I think that they are diligent. ÁÖÀý(ÁÖ¾î Ÿµ¿»ç) - Á¾¼ÓÀý(¸ñÀû¾î=¸í»çÀý)
¨é º¸¾î
ex) My hope is that I will become a singer. ÁÖÀý(ÁÖ¾î µ¿»ç) - Á¾¼ÓÀý(º¸¾î=¸í»çÀý)
(2) ¸ñÀû¾î¿Í º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ °æ¿ì´Â »ý·«ÀÌ °¡´É
ex) I know you are right./ ex) My dream is two Koreas are reunited.
3. ½Ã°£À» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç
(1) when, as ¡°¡ÇÒ ¶§¡±
ex) When(As) I was young, I loved her. = I loved her when I was young.
Á¾¼ÓÀý(µ¿»ç¼ö½Ä=ºÎ»çÀý) ÁÖÀý ÁÖÀý Á¾¼ÓÀý(µ¿»ç¼ö½Ä=ºÎ»çÀý)
(2) after ¡ÈÄ¿¡, before ¡Àü¿¡, until ¡ÇÒ ¶§±îÁö
ex) After school is over, they play soccer. [Á¢¼Ó»ç]
cf) After school, they play soccer.[ÀüÄ¡»ç]
(3) while ¡ÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡
ex) You must not talk much while you are chewing food.
4. ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â Á¾¼ÓÁ¢¼Ó»ç
(1) because ¡¶§¹®¿¡
ex) Because I am ill, I can't go to school. (¿øÀÎ)
¡æ I am ill, so I can't go to school. (°á°ú)
(2) as, since ¡ ¶§¹®¿¡
ex) As(=Since =Because) he studies hard, he can get a good grade.
¢Ñ where ¾îµð¿¡, ¾îµð·Î, ¾îµð¿¡¼
Where do you live? /Where are you going? ³Ê ¾îµð¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ï? / ¾îµð °¡´Â ±æÀÌ´Ï?
2. ½Ã°£ÀÇ Àǹ®»ç when
¢Ñ when ¾ðÁ¦
When is your birthday? /When do you eat breakfast?
³ÊÀÇ »ýÀÏÀÌ ¾ðÁ¦´Ï? / ³Ê´Â ¾ðÁ¦ ¾ÆħÀ» ¸Ô´Ï?
3. ¹æ¹ýÀÇ Àǹ®»ç how
¢Ñ how ¾î¶»°Ô
¢Ñ [how + Çü¿ë»ç/ºÎ»ç] ¾ó¸¶³ª (how many ~ ¼ö / how much ~ ¾ç / how old ~ ³ªÀÌ /
how tall ~ Å° / how far °Å¸® / how long ½Ã°£ÀÇ ±æÀÌ / how often ~ Ƚ¼ö)
How do you go to school? / How old are you? ³Ê´Â Çб³¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô °¡´Ï? / ³Ê ¸î »ìÀÌ´Ï?
4. ÀÌÀ¯ÀÇ Àǹ®»ç why
¢Ñ why ¿Ö
Why was she late? / Why were you absent from school yesterday?
±×³à´Â ¿Ö ´Ê¾ú´Ï? / ³Ê´Â ¾îÁ¦ ¿Ö Çб³¿¡ °á¼®Çß´Ï?
1. ÀüÄ¡»ç on ¢Ñ Á¢Ã˸é À§ / ³¯Â¥³ª ¿äÀÏ ¾Õ¿¡
on the wall / on the table / on the lake /on July 10 / on Monday
º® À§¿¡ / ŹÀÚ À§¿¡ / È£¼ö À§¿¡ / 7¿ù 10ÀÏ¿¡ / ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡
2. ÀüÄ¡»ç at ¢Ñ ½Ã°£, ½ÃÁ¡ ¾Õ¿¡ / Á¼Àº Àå¼Ò ¾Õ¿¡ / ±âŸ
at five / at noon / at night /at the center / at the office /at table / at breakfast / at a low price
5½Ã¿¡ / Á¤¿À¿¡ / ¹ã¿¡ / Á߽ɿ¡ / »ç¹«½Ç¿¡ / ½Ä»ç Áß(¿¡) / ¾Æħ ½Ä»ç Áß(¿¡) / ½Ñ °ª¿¡ /
3. ÀüÄ¡»ç in ¢Ñ ³ÐÀº Àå¼Ò ¾Õ¿¡ / ¿ù, °èÀý, ¿¬µµ ¾Õ¿¡ / ½Ã°£ ¾Õ¿¡ (~ÈÄ¿¡, ~ÀÌ Áö³ª¸é) / ±âŸ
in Seoul / in Korea /in May / in winter / in 2010 /in a week / in three hours /in the morning
¼¿ï¿¡(¼) / Çѱ¹¿¡(¼) / 5¿ù¿¡ / °Ü¿ï¿¡ / 2010³â¿¡ / ÀÏÁÖÀÏ ÈÄ¿¡ / ¼¼ ½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ / ¾Æħ¿¡
4. ÀüÄ¡»ç into ¢Ñ À̵¿ÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~¾ÈÀ¸·Î) / »óÅÂÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~¼ÓÀ¸·Î) / º¯È, ÃßÀÌ, °á°úÀÇ ÀǹÌ
come into the house / go into the room /get into debt / get into trouble
Áý¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À´Ù / ¹æ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡´Ù / ºúÀ» Áö´Ù / °ï°æ¿¡ óÇÏ´Ù
5. ÀüÄ¡»ç to ¢Ñ ¹æÇâÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~·Î, ~ÂÊÀ») / ÇàÀ§³ª µ¿ÀÛÀÇ ´ë»ó (~¿¡°Ô) / µµ´ÞÁ¡À» ³ªÅ¸³»¾î (~±îÁö)
turn to the right / point to the door /talk to her / do harm to them
¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î µ¹´Ù/ ¹®(ÂÊ)À» °¡¸®Å°´Ù/ ±×³à¿¡°Ô À̾߱âÇÏ´Ù/ ±×µé¿¡°Ô Çظ¦ ³¢Ä¡´Ù
6. ÀüÄ¡»ç by ¢Ñ Àå¼Ò³ª À§Ä¡¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾î (~°ç¿¡, ~°¡±îÀÌ¿¡) / ¿Ï·áÀÇ ÀÇ¹Ì (~±îÁö) / ´ÜÀ§ ¾Õ¿¡¼ / ±³Åë¼ö´Ü
Come and sit by me. /by the end of this month / by the hour /by bus / by train
À̸® ¿Í¼ ³» ¿·¿¡ ¾É¾Æ¶ó. / ÀÌ ´Þ ¸»±îÁö(´Â) / ½Ã°£ ´ÜÀ§·Î (½Ã°£´ç) / ¹ö½º·Î / ±âÂ÷·Î
9. ÀüÄ¡»ç from ¢Ñ Ãâ¹ßÁ¡ (~·ÎºÎÅÍ) / Ãâó, ±â¿ø, À¯·¡ (~¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â, ~Ãâ½ÅÀÇ) / ½Ã, °ø°£ÀÇ ±âÁ¡ (~ºÎÅÍ, ~¿¡¼)
walk home from the station /Where do you come from? /from early this morning /
from Monday to Friday
¿ª¿¡¼ °É¾î¼ ±Í°¡ÇÏ´Ù / ¾îµð Ãâ½ÅÀԴϱî? / ¿À´Ã ¾Æħ ÀÏÂïºÎÅÍ / ¿ù¿äÀϺÎÅÍ ±Ý¿äÀϱîÁö
(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¡°ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î¡±·Î ¾²ÀÎ °Í
ex) To help you is my pleasure. (ÁÖ¾î: µ½´Â °Í, µ½±â)
ex) I want to see the movie. (¸ñÀû¾î: º¸´Â °Í, º¸±â)
ex) My hobby is to play computer games. (ÇÏ´Â °Í, Çϱâ)
(2) ºÎÁ¤»ç¸¸À» ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ÃëÇÏ´Â µ¿»ç: want, wish, hope, decide, plan, agree..
ex) I want going to the movies. (X)
(3) Á־ ±æ ¶§ °¡ÁÖ¾î·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
ex) To make a kite is easy. ¡æ It is easy to make a kite.
ÁÖ ¾î °¡ÁÖ¾î
ex) That he often tells a lie is true. ¡æ It is true that he often tells a lie.
ÁÖ ¾î °¡ÁÖ¾î
(4) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö ¨ç Àǹ®»ç+to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü
ex) I don't know what to do. (¹«¾ùÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦)
= I don't know what I should do.
ex) I don't know how to go there. (¾î¶»°Ô °¡¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦)
¨è try+to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡ÇÏ·Á°í ¾Ö¾²´Ù)
ex) I tried to be quiet in class.
ex) I tried not to make a noise in class.
2. Çü¿ë»çÀû ¿ë¹ý
(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¸í»ç µÚ¿¡¼ ¾ÕÀÇ ¡°¸í»ç¸¦ ¼ö½Ä¡±ÇÏ´Â °Í (¡ÇÒ, ¡ÇÏ´Â)
ex) I want something to drink. (¸í»ç¼ö½Ä: ¸¶½Ç)
(2) ºÎÁ¤»çÀÇ µ¿»ç°¡ ÀÚµ¿»çÀÏ ¶§´Â ÀüÄ¡»ç°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í Ÿµ¿»çÀÏ ¶§´Â ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
ex) I need a house to live in.
ex) I need somebody to love.
Tip ÀüÄ¡»ç¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¶§´Â ºÎÁ¤»ç ¾ÕÀÇ ¸í»ç¸¦ ºÎÁ¤»ç µÚ·Î µ¹·Á¼ È®ÀÎÇØ º»´Ù.
ex) I want a chair to sit. ¡æ sit a chair (x) ¡æ sit on a chair. (O) ¡æ I want a chair to sit on.
3. ºÎ»çÀû ¿ë¹ý
(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ ¡°µ¿»ç, Çü¿ë»ç, ´Ù¸¥ ºÎ»ç¡±¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ´Â °Í
ex) He went to America to meet his uncle. (¸ñÀû:¡Çϱâ À§Çؼ)
ex) I'm glad to meet you. (¿øÀÎ:¡Çؼ)
(2) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç too ¡ to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (³Ê¹«³ª ¡Çؼ ¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù) ex) I'm too tired to walk on.
¨è Çü¿ë»ç+enough to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡ÇÒ ¸¸Å ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¡ÇÏ´Ù)
ex) Eric is tall enough to pick off the apple.
¨é be able to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù)
ex) I'll be able to finish the homework by tonight.
¨ê be likely to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡ÀÏ °Í °°´Ù): ex) It is likely to rain soon.
¨ë be sure to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¹Ýµå½Ã ¡ÇÏ´Ù)
ex) Are you sure to come to my party?
¨ì It takes ½Ã°£ to+µ¿»ç¿øÇü (¡Çϴµ¥ ¡°¡ °É¸®´Ù)
ex) It will take half an hour to get there.
(1) µ¿»ç¸¦ ¸í»ç Áï, ¡°ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î¡±·Î ¾²±â À§ÇØ ¡°µ¿»ç¿øÇü+-ing¡±ÀÇ ÇüÅ·Π¹Ù²Û °Í
ex) Playing with my dog is very fun.
(2) µ¿¸í»ç¸¸ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¹Þ´Â µ¿»ç: mind, enjoy, give up, avoid, stop, finish, practice...
ex) I enjoyed to go shopping with mom. (X)
(3) ÀüÄ¡»ç µÚ¿¡¼± µ¿¸í»ç¸¸À» ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ex) How about to go shopping? (X)
ex) I'm sorry for being late. (O)
2. ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ µ¿¸í»ç
(1) ºÎÁ¤»ç¿Í µ¿¸í»çÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
ex) Don't forget to mail to me. (¹Ì·¡) / Don't forget mailing to me. (°ú°Å)
ex) I stopped to watch TV. (¸ñÀû) / I stopped watching TV. (¸ñÀû¾î)
ex) I tried to wear the dress. (³ë·Â) / I tried wearing the dress. (½Ãµµ)
(2) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç spend+¸ñÀû¾î+-ing (¡ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¡À» º¸³»´Ù)
ex) I spent my vacation helping my dad.
¨è go -ing (¡ÇÏ·¯ °¡´Ù)
ex) I'm going to go shopping with mom.
¨é be busy -ing (¡ÇÏ´À¶ó ¹Ù»Ú´Ù)
ex) He was busy looking after his brother.
¨ê feel like -ing (¡ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù)
ex) I feel like eating out today.
¨ë It is no use+-ing (¡ÇØ ºÁ¾ß ¼Ò¿ë¾ø´Ù)
ex) It's no use crying over spilt milk
ex) falling leaves (ÁøÇà), fallen leaves (¿Ï·á)
ex) burning house (ÁøÇà), burnt house (¿Ï·á)
ex) I heard him calling my name. (himÀÌ Á÷Á¢ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÇàÇÔ - ºÎ¸£´Ù)
I heard my name called. (my nameÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ´çÇÔ - ºÒ·Á Áö´Ù)
ex) I heard of a surprising news. (±× ÀÚü°¡ °¨Á¤ÀÇ Á÷Á¢Àû ´ë»óÀÓ)
I'm surprised at the news. (´Ù¸¥ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °¨Á¤À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÓ)
(1) µ¿¸í»ç´Â ¸í»çÀÌ°í ÇöÀçºÐ»ç´Â Çü¿ë»çÀÌ´Ù.
ex) I like dancing with my friends. (¸ñÀû¾î - µ¿¸í»ç)
ex) I like the dancing girl with my friends. (¸í»ç¼ö½Ä - ÇöÀçºÐ»ç)
(2) µ¿¸í»ç´Â ¡°¸ñÀû, ¿ëµµ(¡À» À§ÇÑ)¡±·Î ¾²ÀÌ°í ÇöÀçºÐ»ç´Â ¡°ÁøÇà(¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â)¡±À¸·Î ¾²ÀδÙ.
ex) a smoking room (µ¿¸í»ç) ¡æ a room for smoking
a smoking man (ÇöÀçºÐ»ç) ¡æ a man is smoking
ex) a sleeping bag (µ¿¸í»ç) ¡æ a bag for sleeping
a sleeping baby (ÇöÀçºÐ»ç) ¡æ a baby is sleeping
(3) °ü¿ëÇ¥Çö
¨ç have(get)+¸ñÀû¾î+°ú°ÅºÐ»ç(p.p.) (½ÃÅ°´Ù, ´çÇÏ´Ù)
ex) My dad had his car washed.
ex) I had my leg broken yesterday.
¨è Generally(Frankly) speaking (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î/ ¼ÖÁ÷È÷ ¸»Çؼ)
ex) Generally speaking, all humans are equal.
They looked up to him. ¡æ He was looked up to by them.
±×µéÀº ±×¸¦ Á¸°æÇß´Ù. / ±×´Â ±×µé¿¡°Ô Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
5. thatÀýÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾îÀÎ 3Çü½Ä ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ They say/think/believe that ~ ÀÇ ¼öµ¿Å´ It is said/thought/believed that ~
¶Ç´Â thatÀýÀÇ ÁÖ¾î + is said/thought/ believed to V ~ ÀÇ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
People say that he is rich. ¡æ It is said that he is rich.¡æ He is said to be rich.
±×°¡ ºÎÀÚ¶ó°íµé ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
My father made me study hard.¡æ I was made to study hard by my father.
¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ³»°¡ ¿½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇϵµ·Ï ¸¸µå¼Ì´Ù.
8. Á־ ºÎÁ¤¾îÀÎ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ Nobody, NothingµîÀÌ ´Éµ¿ÅÂÀÇ ÁÖ¾îÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¼öµ¿Å¿¡¼ not ~ by anybody(anything)ÀÇ
ÇüÅ·Π³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Nobody can make her laugh. ¡æ She cannot be made to laugh by anybody.
¾Æ¹«µµ ±×³à¸¦ ¿ô°Ô ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
9. ÁøÇà½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ ÁøÇàÇüÀÇ ¼öµ¿Å´ [be being p.p.]ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ am(is, are) being p.p. (ÇöÀçÁøÇà¼öµ¿ÅÂ), was(were) being p.p. (°ú°ÅÁøÇà¼öµ¿ÅÂ),
will be being p.p. (¹Ì·¡ÁøÇà¼öµ¿ÅÂ)
She is playing the piano.¡æ The piano is being played by her.
10. ¿Ï·á½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
¢Ñ ¿Ï·áÇüÀÌ ¼öµ¿Å´ [have/has/had been p.p,]ÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ have(has) been p.p. (ÇöÀç¿Ï·á¼öµ¿ÅÂ), had been p.p. (°ú°Å¿Ï·á¼öµ¿ÅÂ),
will have been p.p. (¹Ì·¡¿Ï·á¼öµ¿ÅÂ)
She has read the book. - The book has been read by her.
±×³à´Â ±× Ã¥À» Àоú´Ù. / ±× Ã¥Àº ±×³à¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÐÇôÁ³´Ù.
This is the man whom(that) I spoke of. (»ý·« °¡´É) : ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³×°¡ ¸»Çß´ø ±× ³²ÀÚ´Ù.
= This is the man of whom I spoke. (whomÀº »ý·« ºÒ°¡)
5. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + which + µ¿»ç ~
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚ¿¡ µ¿»ç°¡ ¿À°í ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¹°ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â which ¶Ç´Â that
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç µÚÀÇ µ¿»ç´Â ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ ÀÏÄ¡½ÃŲ´Ù.
I have a dog which is very faithful. ³ª´Â ¸Å¿ì ÃæÁ÷ÇÑ °³ ÇÑ ¸¶¸®¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
6. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + whose + ¸í»ç ~
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ »ç¹°ÀÏ ¶§ ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â whose, of which
¢Ñ whose + ¸í»ç / of which + the ¸í»ç / the ¸í»ç + of which µîÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
Look at the house whose roof is blue. ÁöºØÀÌ ÆĶõ»öÀÎ Àú ÁýÀ» º¸¾Æ¶ó.
= Look at the house of which the roof is blue.
= Look at the house the roof of which is blue.
7. ~ ¼±Çà»ç(»ç¹°) + which + ÁÖ¾î + Ÿµ¿»ç ~
¢Ñ Ÿµ¿»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¼±Çà»ç·Î ³ª°¡ ÀÖ°í »ç¹°ÀÏ °æ¿ì which ¶Ç´Â that
¢Ñ ¸ñÀû°Ý °ü°è´ë¸í»ç´Â »ý·« °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
This is the book which I have chosen. (»ý·« °¡´É) : ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ °í¸¥ Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.
Do you know that girl (who is) wearing a red skirt?
»¡°£»ö ½ºÄ¿Æ®¸¦ ÀÔ°í ÀÖ´Â Àú ¼Ò³à¸¦ ¾Æ´Ï?
The man (whom) you wanted to see is waiting for you.
³×°¡ º¸°í ½Í¾î Çß´ø ±× ³²ÀÚ°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù.
12. °ü°è´ë¸í»ç that
¢Ñ ÃÖ»ó±Þ, the very, the same, the first, the last, the only µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ °æ¿ì
¢Ñ anything, nothing, everything µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§
¢Ñ all, every, any, no µîÀÌ ¼±Çà»çÀ̰ųª ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÒ ¶§
¢Ñ who, which, what µîÀÇ Àǹ®»ç°¡ ¼±Çà»çÀÏ ¶§
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç°¡ [»ç¶÷+µ¿¹°], [»ç¶÷+»ç¹°]ÀÏ ¶§
This is the very book that I am looking for. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ ã°í ÀÖ´ø ¹Ù·Î ±× Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.
13. ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç what
¢Ñ whatÀº ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç (= that which, the thing which)
¢Ñ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç what µÚ¿¡´Â ÁÖ¾î ¶Ç´Â ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¾ø´Ù. (ºÒ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹®Àå)
14. À¯»ç °ü°è´ë¸í»ç as /than/ but
¢Ñ Á¢¼Ó»ç·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â as, but, than µîÀÌ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ as, such, the same µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì : as
As many men as came were caught. ¿Â »ç¶÷Àº ¸ðµÎ ºÙÀâÇû´Ù.
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ more °¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì : than
There is more money than is needed. ÇÊ¿ä ÀÌ»óÀÇ µ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¢Ñ ¼±Çà»ç¿¡ no, not µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì : but
¢Ñ but = that ~ not
There is no rule but has some exceptions. ¿¹¿Ü ¾ø´Â ±ÔÄ¢Àº ¾ø´Ù.
This is how she finished her homework. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ±×³à°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³½ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. [ÁÖÀÇ] the way¿Í how´Â ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
the way, how, the way that, the way in which·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
5. °ü°èºÎ»çÀÇ °è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ý
¢Ñ °ü°èºÎ»ç ¾Õ¿¡ comma°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì
¢Ñ when (= and then) / where (= and there)
Wait till nine, when he will come back. : 9½Ã±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®¸é ±×°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Ã °Ì´Ï´Ù.
Choose whichever you like. (= anything that)
Whichever you choose, you will not be satisfied with it. (= No matter which)
³×°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ¾î´À °ÍÀÌµç °ñ¶ó¶ó. /¾î´Â °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ³Ê´Â ¸¸Á·ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Use prudence in whatever you do. (= anything that)
Whatever you are saying, I'm not interested. (= no matter what)
³×°¡ ÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ÀÏ¿¡¼µç ½ÅÁßÇضó. / ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹«½¼ ¸»À» ÇϵçÁö ³ª´Â °ü½ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
10. º¹ÇÕ°ü°èºÎ»ç whenever
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= at any time when) / ¾çº¸ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= no matter when)
Whenever I see her, I think of her mother. (= At any time when)
Whenever you may come, you will be welcomed. (= no matter when)
³ª´Â ±×³à¸¦ º¼ ¶§¸¶´Ù, ±×³àÀÇ ¾ö¸¶°¡ »ý°¢³´Ù. /¾ðÁ¦ ¿À´õ¶óµµ ³Ê´Â ȯ¿µÀ» ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
11. º¹ÇÕ°ü°èºÎ»ç wherever
¢Ñ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= at any place where) / ¾çº¸ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÏ °æ¿ì (= no matter where)
This type of plant thrives wherever there is plenty of water. (= at any place where)
ÀÌ·± Á¾·ùÀÇ ½Ä¹°Àº ¹°ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÑ °÷ÀÌ¸é ¾îµð¿¡³ª ¹ø¼ºÇÑ´Ù.
Wherever you may go, I will follow you. (= no matter where)
³×°¡ ¾îµð¸¦ °¡µç ³ª´Â µû¶ó°¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¢Ñ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å : ÇöÀç»ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ë °¡Á¤ ÇöÀç·Î Çؼ®
(a) If I had enough apples, I would bake an apple pie.
³»°¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ »ç°ú¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù¸é, ¾ÖÇÃÆÄÀ̸¦ ¸¸µé ÅÙµ¥.
(b) If the weather were fine, we would go to the zoo.
³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®´Â µ¿¹°¿ø¿¡ °¥ ÅÙµ¥.
°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å´Â ÇöÀç »ç½ÇÀ» ¹Ý´ë·Î Ç¥ÇöÇϸç Çؼ®Àº ÇöÀç·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
(a)´Â »ç½ÇÀº ÇöÀç ÃæºÐÇÑ »ç°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ°í, (b)´Â ÇöÀç ³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â ¶æÀ̸ç, be µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ÀÎĪ°ú ¼ö¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿¡¼´Â were ¸¦ ¾´´Ù°í ¾Ë°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ was µµ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. (c)´Â »ç½Ç ³»°¡ ³Ê¸¸Å ³ë·¡¸¦ ÀßÇÏÁö ¸ø´Ù´Â Àǹ̷ΠIf I were able to sing µµ °°Àº Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù.
¢Ñ °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Ï·á : °ú°Å»ç½Ç°ú ¹Ý´ë °¡Á¤ °ú°Å·Î Çؼ®
(a) If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.
±×°¡ °øºÎÇß´Ù¸é, ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÇÕ°ÝÇßÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(b) If you had told me, I would have helped you.
³×°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù¸é, ³»°¡ ³Ê¸¦ µµ¿ÔÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) If I had had enough money, I could have gone to New York.
³»°¡ ÃæºÐÇÑ µ·À» °¡Á³´Ù¸é, ´º¿å¿¡ °¬À» ÅÙµ¥.
¢Ñ °¡Á¤¹ý ÇöÀç, ¹Ì·¡
(a) If it rains tomorrow, I will put off the meeting.
³»ÀÏ ºñ°¡ ³»¸®¸é, ³ª´Â ±× ¸ðÀÓÀ» ¿¬±âÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
(b) If it should rain tomorrow, I will put off my departure.
Ȥ½Ã¶óµµ ³»ÀÏ ºñ°¡ ³»¸®¸é, ³ª´Â ±× ¸ðÀÓÀ» ¿¬±âÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¢Ñ I wish °¡Á¤¹ý :
(a) I wish I were (was) a doctor. ³»°¡ ÀÇ»ç¶ó¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(b) I wish I had bought the bag. ³»°¡ ±× °¡¹æÀ» »ò´Ù¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) If only I was (were) as beautiful as you. ³»°¡ ³Ê¸¸Å ¾Æ¸§´ä´Ù¸é ÁÁÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
I wish °¡Á¤¹ýÀº ¾î¶² ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈÄȸ³ª À¯°¨À» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸ç °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Í °ú°Å¿Ï·á¸¸ÀÌ ¾²ÀδÙ. (a)´Â ÇöÀç Àǻ簡 ¾Æ´Ñ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈÄȸ³ª À¯°¨ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ°í (b)´Â °ú°Å¿¡ »çÁö ¾ÊÀº °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÈÄȸ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. (c)ÀÇ If only ´Â I wish ¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Àǹ̴ °°´Ù. I wish µÚ¿¡´Â that À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ´ë°³ »ý·«µÈ´Ù.
¢Ñ as if (=as though) °¡Á¤¹ý :
(a) They treat me as if I were (was) their own son.
±×µéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ³»°¡ ±×µéÀÇ Ä£ ¾ÆµéÀÎ °Íó·³ ´ë¿ìÇÑ´Ù.
(b) She talked to him as if she were a child.
±×³à´Â ±×¿¡°Ô ¸¶Ä¡ ±×³à°¡ ¾ÆÀÌÀÎ °Íó·³ ¸»Çß´Ù.
(c) He speaks as if he had seen the accident.
±×´Â ¸¶Ä¡ ±×°¡ ±× »ç°í¸¦ ºÃ´ø °Íó·³ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
¢Ñ but for
(a) But for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.
(b) If it were not for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.
žçÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, Áö±¸»ó¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ »ì ¼ö ¾øÀ» ÅÙµ¥.
(c) Without your help, I would have failed.
but for + ¸í»ç ¿Í without + ¸í»ç ´Â ¡®-¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾ø¾ú´Ù¸é¡¯ÀÇ Àǹ̷ΠµÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ÁÖÀýÀÇ ½ÃÁ¦¿¡ µû¶ó °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å¿Í °ú°Å¿Ï·á°¡ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. (a)´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å·Î If if were not for - ·Î °íÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ°í, (c)´Â °¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å ¿Ï·á·Î If it had not been for - ·Î °íÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
°¡Á¤¹ý¿¡¼ if ´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í if °¡ »ý·«µÉ °æ¿ì ÁÖ¾î, µ¿»ç°¡ µµÄ¡µÈ´Ù. (a)´Â If I were, (b)´Â If I had known, (c)´Â If anyone should call ÀÇ »ý·«µÈ Ç¥ÇöÀÌ´Ù.
°Á¶ ±¸¹® : It is -- that --- =BÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î A ÀÌ´Ù.
(a) Tom broke the window yesterday. ŽÀÌ ±× â¹®À» ¾îÁ¦ ²£´Ù.
(b) It was Tom that broke the window yesterday. â¹®À» ¾îÁ¦ ±ü °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ŽÀ̾ú´Ù.
(c) It was the window that Tom broke yesterday. ŽÀÌ ¾îÁ¦ ±ü °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î â¹®À̾ú´Ù.
(d) It was yesterday that Tom broke the window. ŽÀÌ Ã¢¹®À» ±ü °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ¾îÁ¦¿´´Ù.
(e) Tom did break the window yesterday. ŽÀÌ ¾îÁ¦ â¹®À» Á¤¸»·Î ²£´Ù.
It is A that B ÀÇ ±¸¹®À» »ç¿ëÇؼ ¹®ÀåÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» °Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (b)´Â (a)¹®Àå¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾î Tom À» °Á¶ÇÑ ¹®ÀåÀÌ°í, (c)´Â ¸ñÀû¾î the window ¸¦ °Á¶ÇÏ°í, (d)´Â ºÎ»ç yesterday ¸¦ °Á¶ÇÑ ÇüÅ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °Á¶±¸¹®À¸·Î µ¿»ç¸¦ °Á¶ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø°í Á¶µ¿»ç do ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
as ¿ø±Þ as - (B ¸¸Å A ÇÏ´Ù)´Â µ¿µîºñ±³¶ó°í ÇÏ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀÇ ºÎÁ¤Àº not as ¿ø±Þ as - (B ¸¸Å A ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù)·Î Ç¥ÇöÇÑ´Ù.
(a)´Â I ¿Í he ¸¦ ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ±× °á°ú ¶È°°ÀÌ µ¿µîÇÏ°Ô ÈûÀÌ ¼¼´Ù´Â °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç µ¿µ¿ºñ±³¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.I am strong. °ú He is strong. À» Çϳª·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ ¶§ ¡®-¸¸Å¡¯ÀÇ Á¢¼Ó»ç as ¿Í ±× ¾Õ¿¡ ¡®¶È°°ÀÌ¡¯¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÇ as ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µÚÀÇ is strong Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ´ã°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ »ý·«µÇ¾ú´Ù. (c)¿Í (d)´Â µ¿µîºñ±³ ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ¸·Î not as ¿ø±Þ as ´ë½Å¿¡ not so ¿ø±Þ as ·Î ³ªÅ¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
3. ºñ±³±ÞÀÇ ¿ë¹ý
(a) She is more diligent than he (is diligent). ±×³à´Â ±× º¸´Ù ´õ ºÎÁö·±ÇÏ´Ù.
(b) I am stronger than Tom (is strong). ³ª´Â Žº¸´Ù ´õ °ÇÏ´Ù.
(c) Tom is less strong than I (am strong). ŽÀº ³ªº¸´Ù ´ú °ÇÏ´Ù.
(d) Tom is not so strong as I (am strong). ŽÀº ³ª¸¸Å °ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
(a)´Â She is diligent. ¿Í He is diligent. ¸¦ ºñ±³ÇßÀ» ¶§ ¡®±×³à°¡ ´õ ºÎÁö·±ÇÏ´Ù¡¯´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. Á¢¼Ó»ç than (-º¸´Ù)À¸·Î µÎ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¿¬°áÇß°í, ±× ¾Õ¿¡ more diligent ¸¦ ½á¼ ºñ±³±ÞÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. (b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ ÂÊÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ ½èÀ» ¶§ ¡®¿ìµîºñ±³,¡¯ (c)¿Í °°ÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ÂÊÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ ½èÀ» ¶§´Â ¡®¿µîºñ±³¡¯¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. (b),(c),(d)´Â ¸ðµÎ °°Àº Àǹ̴Ù.
4. the+ ºñ±³±Þ -, the+ ºñ±³±Þ -
(a) The higher we go up, the colder it becomes.
´õ ³ôÀ̿츮°¡ ¿Ã¶ó °¥¼ö·Ï, ³¯¾¾°¡ ´õ Ãß¿öÁø´Ù.
(b) The harder you study, the more you will learn.
´õ ¿½ÉÈ÷ ¿ì¸®°¡ °øºÎ ÇÒ¼ö·Ï, ¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
the ºñ±³±Þ s+v, the ºñ±³±Þ s+v ±¸¹®Àº ¡®-Çϸé ÇÒ ¼ö·Ï, ´õ -ÇÏ´Ù¡¯·Î Çؼ®ÇÏ°í Áö¹® ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÌ ±¸¹®ÀÌ ¾²ÀÏ ¶§´Â ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ °Á¶Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ.
(a)´Â we go up higher, it becomes colder. (¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ³ôÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù. ³¯¾¾°¡ ´õ Ãß¿öÁø´Ù.)¶ó´Â ¹®Àå¿¡¼ °¢°¢ higher ¿Í colder ¸¦ °Á¶ÇÏ·Á°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ¿Å±â°í the¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ °Á¶µÈ ¹®ÀåÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. (b)´Â As you study harder, you will learn more. (¿ì¸®°¡ ´õ ¿½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó, ¿ì¸®´Â ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿ï °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)¸¦ °Á¶Çϴ ǥÇöÀÌ´Ù.
(a) She is the youngest girl in the class. ±×³à´Â ±× ¹Ý¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¾î¸° ¼Ò³à´Ù.
(b) She is the youngest girl of all. ±×³à´Â Àüü¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¾î¸° ¼Ò³à´Ù.
(c) Today is the hottest day of the year. ¿À´ÃÀº ¿ÃÇØ °¡Àå ´õ¿î ³¯ÀÌ´Ù.
(a) Seoul is one of the biggest cities in the world.
¼¿ïÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« µµ½Ã Áß Çϳª´Ù.
(b) He is one of the most famous scientists in Korea.
±×´Â Çѱ¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚ Áß Çϳª´Ù.
one of the ÃÖ»ó±Þ + º¹¼ö¸í»ç ´Â ¡®°¡Àå -ÇÑ °Í Áß¿¡ Çϳª¡¯¶ó´Â Àǹ̷Πº¹¼ö¸í»ç¸¦ ¾²´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î¹ý»ó ÆÇ´ÜÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÌ´Ù.
(a) He runs/ very fast. ±×´Â ´Þ¸°´Ù/ ¾ÆÁÖ »¡¸® ´Þ¸°´Ù.
(b) Long time ago,/ a pretty girl lived/ near the lake.¿À·¡ Àü¿¡/ ¿¹»Û ¼Ò³à°¡ »ì¾Ò´Ù/ È£¼ö ±Ùó¿¡
(a) My father is / an engineer. ³ªÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â -ÀÌ´Ù/ ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÌ´Ù.
(b) She is / pretty. ±×³à´Â -ÀÌ´Ù/ ¿¹»Ú´Ù.
(c) This food tastes/ good. ÀÌ À½½ÄÀº ¸ÀÀÌ ³´Ù/ ÁÁÀº ¸ÀÀÌ ³´Ù(¸ÀÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù).